Angiotensin II is a potent that helps regulate blood pressure. Angiotensinogen, is an inactive hormone synthesized and released continuously from the . Its activation, which occurs within the , is initiated by the enzyme renin. Renin is released from the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the in response to either (1) blood pressure (as detected by decreased stretch of within granular cells, or by decreased NaCl detected by within macula densa cells); or (2) stimulation by the division. The sequential action of renin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) causes the formation of angiotensin II (the active form of the hormone).

parasites can detrimentally affect their host, but also must not allow their host to die before they can complete their life cycle. some parasites have complex life cycles with many different hosts, and have had to find ways of persisting in many different environments during the change from one host to another. ectoparasites live outside the body of the host, and can more easily  disperse, but are  more exposed to predators, parasites, parasitoids. endoparasites live inside the body of the host, and are therefore protected from the outside environment. but they can be  attacked by the host's immune system. they have therefore developed  mechanisms for dispersal such as  complex life cycles.

plant because they survive by water, sunlight, ex.

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