Some molecular data place the giant panda in the bear family (Ursidae) but place the lesser panda in the raccoon family (Procyonidae). Consequently, the morphological similarities of these two species are probably due to what?

all these collisions do one thing, and that thing is explained in the last option. when dusst, rocks and ice collide, they harden and form giant layers of rocks or hard ice.

d)   to harden materials to form different parts of earth’s layers

hope it ,

bioteacher101