Electron transfer from NADH or FADH2 to oxygen generates a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane. Electrons from NADH result in more protons being pumped across to form the gradient than electrons from FADH2. Calculate the free energy change, ΔG∘′, for the reduction of O2 with FADH2. Round your answer to the nearest whole number.

ΔG∘′ = -200.68kj/mol

Explanation:

check the attachment for explanations

Reduction reaction of O2 with FADH2

FADH2 + 1/2 O2 → H2O + FAD+

Half cell reaction;

Reduction of half reaction; 2H+ +  1/2 O2  +2e- → 2H2O( at cathode)

oxidation half reaction,

FADH2 → FAD+ 2H+ + 2e- ( at anode)

E°Cell = E°cathode - E°anode

E°Cell =  +0.82 -(-0.22)

E°Cell = 1.04v

ΔG∘′ =  -nf E°cell

ΔG∘′ =  -2 x96.48 kj/mol/ v x 1.04v

ΔG∘′ = -200.68kj/mol

b is the correct answer

when the displaced particles are perpendicular to the direction the wave travels, is called a transverse wave, whereas in longitudinal wave the displace practices are parallel to the direction of the wave.

in the given image:

first image shows - longitudinal wave

second image shows - transverse wave

third image shows - longitudinal wave

fourth image shows - longitudinal wave