You encounter a strain of E. coli that is unable to grow or divide using lactose as a carbon source. You analyze the chromosomal genotype of these bacteria, and determine it to be: lacI- lacP lacO lacZ- lacY lacA You want to introduce an F plasmid into this bacterium in order to that restore normal lac operon function: i. e. all three protein-coding genes will be repressed in the absence of lactose and be induced in the presence of lactose. What is the minimum set of genetic elements that you must include on your plasmid in order to achieve this result

What environmental cues and landmarks do the geese use to determine the timing and direction of their migration over the mountains? how do they find their way?

Some species of wasps are social. the queen starts a colony from scratch each spring. she builds a small nest, and lays and raises a group of female workers. the workers enlarge the nest while the queen continues to lay eggs. unfertilized eggs become males that mate with newly hatched females. all of the wasps except the newly fertilized females die by the summer. which best describes this behavior? a)it is beneficial only to the males that do not fertilize eggs. b)it is beneficial only to the female workers that are not fertilized. c)it is beneficial to each one of the individual colony members. d)it is beneficial to the whole species, but not to all of the individual members.

Which of these reproductive method is the only on available to mosses and fernsspores