If you crossed two pink (RW) birds, what would be the phenotype of the offspring?

25% of the offspring would be white, 25% of the offspring would be red, and 50% of the offspring would be pink

Explanation:

Using a punnet square,

   R       W

R  RR    RW

W  RW  WW

I hope the punnet square was easy enough to understand.

the last one: artificial selection/genetic engineering

plant breeding is modifying the genetic composition of the plant - but this isn't cloning (which is specifically introducing a gene into a genome). but you are artificially selecting for the phenotype that you want.

the second one is literally genetic engineering - the gene would have been cloned first and then inserted or genetically engineered into the new plant cell (the cotton).