Parasitoids

a. kills the victim during active, direct, short-term attack
b. removes parts of many victim items, but rarely lethal
c. Intimate, long-term association in which the exploiter extracts resources from one or few prey items, causing harm but rarely lethal
d. Utilizes the victim as a reproduction site/resourc
e. Victim is used as a resource of offspring growth (prolonged attack) resulting in victim death upon emergence.