Dr. Alvarez wanted to see if he had discovered a new element, so he analyzed his new element and performed an experiment to determine the element's density, melting point, and boiling point. Then, he repeated his experiment four more times before reporting his results in a scientific journal. Dr. Casey read Dr. Alvarez's report. Wanting to verify Dr. Alvarez's data, Dr. Casey repeated Dr. Alvarez's experiment three times, compared his results with Dr. Alvarez's results, and reported his own results in a scientific journal. Which of the following is an example of replication?

when Dr. Casey repeated Dr. Alvarez's experiment

Explanation:

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step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

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