When the protein gramicidin is integrated into a membrane, an H channel forms and the membrane becomes very permeable to protons (H ions). If gramicidin is added to an actively respiring muscle cell, how would it affect the rates of electron transport, proton pumping, and ATP synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation?

a. remains the same
b. proton pumping rate
c. electron transport rate
d. rate of oxygen uptake

The rates of electron transport, proton pumping, remains the same.

There is a decrease in the rate of ATP synthesis in Oxidative Phosphorylation.

Explanation:

Gramicidin is a proteinous (peptide) that forms spores. Gramicidin causes a series of harmful actions when it comes in contact with a membrane.

When Gramicidin comes in contact with or it is integrated into the membrane of an actively respiring membrane, the permeability of the membrane increases such that it begins to lose protons causing the production of ATP( Adenosine Triphosphate) in the muscles during oxidative phosphorylation to cease.

Although, the rates of electron transport remains the same and the pumping of protons remains the same.

c.electron transport rate

Explanation:

Gramicidin is a substance which blocks the production of ATP by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis process occurs in the process of cellular respiration, responsible for the reduction of  energy and cell death also occurs. Oxidative phosphorylation is a process in which ATP molecules are formed by the transfer of electrons from NADH to oxygen. This process occurs in the mitochondria of the cell in the availability of oxygen where ATP production occurs. so electron rate is greatly affected and low amount of ATP are produced.

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.

the answer is