Penguins that are able to survive the extremely harsh winters in the icy lands of Antarctica do so by huddling together in tightly packed groups. They do this because they are depending on each other to meet their need for a certain -

a. nutritional requirement.
b. quantity of fresh water.
c. range of temperatures.
d. duration of sunlight.

Use the drop-down menu to match the following definitions to the corresponding terms. the total variety of organisms that live in the biosphere a group of organisms that breed and produce offspring that can breed all of the biotic and abiotic factors in an area

What is the next step in muscle contraction after the actin changes shape? (apex)

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).