The immune system interacts with all other physiological systems, but has specific connection to the nervous and endocrine system. Please list 2 examples for such an interaction and briefly explain the type of interaction.

Psychoneuroimmunology studies and analyzes the mechanisms of interaction and communication of mental functions with the three systems responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of the organism: the Nervous, Endocrine, and Immune Systems.

The neuroendocrine system regulates the SI through small discharges of neurotransmitters (SNA), hormones (SE) and neuropeptides (SN).

The existence of nerve fibers in the lymphoid organs (bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, ...) has been discovered, which connects the communication between the SN and the SI through the ANS. Likewise, the neuroendocrine regulates the SI by releasing the hormones produced by the CNS (hypothalamus) and the different glands that are produced in the bloodstream.

Activation of the Endocrine System can modulate immune activity by:

Neurohormones released into the blood through the posterior pituitary.

Hormones released by glands under pituitary control

Hormones released by the anterior pituitary

Explanation:

The responses that trigger SI are known as cytokines whose function is to modulate nervous and hormonal activity, the communication pathways are activated by activating the vagus nerve or by stimulating them through serotonin, catecholamines, norepinephrine, acetylcholine prostaglandins or nitric oxide.

Cytosines contact the brain through the vascular system, because they can cross the blood-brain barrier and penetrate the ANS through the circumventricular structures, the nerve structures that are most quickly activated by the presence of cytokines to communicate with the brain are the activation of second messengers and their respective enzymes, including nitric dioxide and its synthase and prostaglandin and its enzyme, cycloxygenase.

Cytokines are capable of generating important behavioral changes, specifically aimed at the adaptation of homeostasis, such as increased sleep, fatigue, decreased sexual appetite

interphase   is the cell cycle stage in which the cell acquires nutrients, creates and uses proteins and other molecules and starts the process of cell division by replicating the dna. it is the longest stage in the eukaryote cell cycle.

the following   can go wrong during interphase:   a base pair could be mismatched during the duplication process causing a mutation.   correct answer: c

explanation: