How can a mutation in an organism’s genes affect its traits?

Mutations can affect the body by altering its physical characteristics (or phenotype), or they can affect how DNA (genotype) information is encoded on the organism.

Explanation: three ways a mutation can affect an organism:

Some mutations have no significant effect on the phenotype of the organism. This can happen in many situations: a mutation may occur in a non-functional DNA fragment, or a mutation may occur in the protein encoding region, but ultimately does not affect the sequence of protein amino acids.

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