An accident victim receives a blood transfusion. Shortly thereafter, he begins to have difficulty breathing, develops a fever, and experiences nausea and vomiting. Which of the following is the most likely interpretation of these events?
a. the blood transfusion contained pyrogens. b. the blood transfusion was mismatched, and the recipient had previously been exposed to the blood group antigens of the blood transfusion. c. the blood transfusion was mismatched and contained pyrogens. d. the blood transfusion was mismatched. e. the recipient had previously been exposed to the blood group antigens of the blood transfusion.

b. the blood transfusion was mismatched, and the recipient had previously been exposed to the blood group antigens of the blood transfusion.

Explanation:

Blood transfusion giving a patient blood or its equivalent product intravenously. Necessary tests are normally carried out to ensure the blood to be transfused matches and is compatible with the blood or body system of the recipient.

However when symptoms like difficulty in breathing, fever,nausea and vomiting is visible after ten transfusion then it’s obvious there was an error which involves blood transfusion being mismatched, and the recipient being previously been exposed to the blood group antigens of the blood transfusion

answer: - few nutrients

high pressure

low temperatures

explanation: 1. few nutrients:   open-ocean zone is located way far from the land, which is the main source of the essential nutrients.2. high pressure: pressure increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters increase in depth.3. ample sunlight: a large fraction of the sunlight is reflected back to the atmosphere from the sea surface. 4. varying salinity: below the thermocline, the water is isolated from the atmosphere so the salinity remains stable over the year.5. low temperatures:   the temperature of open-ocean zone ranges from a low of -2°c to an average of 17°c

d

explanation: