What consumes energy at each tropic level? How does this contribute to energy loss between trophic levels?

The tubes transporting minerals and water upward are called ?

1. in a certain species of plant, the color purple (p) is dominant to the color white (p). according the punnett square, what is the probability of and offspring being white? 50%25%0%100% 2. in a certain species of plant, the color purple (p) is dominant to the color white (p). according the punnett square, what is the probability of and offspring being white? 0%100%50%25%(picture 1 is for question 1, and picture 2 is for question 2)

The largest unit within which gene flow can readily occur is a