Why is only a small amount (approximately 10%) of energy available from
one trophic level to the next in a food web? *

In tossing one coin 10 times, what are your chances for tossing a head? a tail? 2. in tossing one coin 100 times, what are your chances for tossing a head? a tail? 3. in tossing one coin 200 times, what are your chances for tossing a head? a tail? deviation = ((absolute value of the difference between expected heads and observed heads) + (absolute value of the difference between expected tails and observed tails)) divided by total number of tosses. this value should always be positive. 4. what is the deviation for 10 tosses? 5. what is the deviation for the 100 tosses? 6. what is the deviation for 200 tosses? 7. how does increasing the total number of coin tosses from 10 to 100 affect the deviation? 8. how does increasing the total number of tosses from 100 to 200 affect the deviation? 9. what two important probability principles were established in this exercise? 10. the percent of occurrence is the obtained results divided by the total tosses and multiplied by 100%. toss the coins 100 times and record your results. calculate the percent occurrence for each combination. percent head-head occurrence: percent tail-tail occurrence: percent head-tail occurrence:

What can be said about farmers in highly developed countries? a) they have little or no negative impact on the environment. b) they practice subsistence agriculture. c) they are able to incorporate polyculture into their farming practices. d) they utilize organic farming techniques on a regular basis. e) they rely on large amounts of energy from fossil fuels.

Clues to ecological principles are given in numerous passages of the bible. a bible study of ecology actually opens the doors to better understanding of god's love and concern for the earth. use a concordance to locate bible passages associated with words concerning our stewardship of the earth. you may use a dictionary to find synonyms for these words: dominion replenish subdue judgment stewardship find each of the passages using these words related to principles of ecology. list all passages by quote, book, chapter, and verse under each word. use your own interpretation to rewrite what you think each verse is saying. after your discussion of each of these words, ask one other person to explain his understanding of the word and a related verse without any hints. summarize what he tells you. a concluding paragraph for each of the words should be written noting similarities and differences between your interpretation and that of each person consulted.