Use the pedigree on the right to determine the genotype of Ryan.

A.) XRXR

B.) XRY

C.) XRXr

D.) XrY

A pedigree for Ben and Lisa is shown. Ben is an empty square with an X Upper R Y genotype. Lisa is a half-filled circle with a X Upper R Upper X r genotype. Ben and Lisa have 2 children: Mike and Time. Mike has an empty square with a X Upper R Y genotype, and Tim has a filled square with Upper X r Upper Y genotype. Tim and Carol, who has a half-filled circle, have one child Ryan. Ryan has an empty square.

African penguins, which inhabit the coasts of southern africa, were classified as an endangered species in 2010. two significant threats to their survival are ecosystem damage from oil spills and overfishing by humans. overfishing depletes the food supply of african penguins. the best method to reduce the threat of overfishing would be to . the risk of oil spills could be reduced by increasing the use of , which should oil consumption. if an oil spill does occur, could be used to remove the oil so the ecosystem may more quickly recover.

How do all types of diffusion/passive transport actually ‘work’ without using even the smallest amount of cellular energy?

1. -define adaptation2 explain darwin's theories of descent with modification and natural selection in detail3. -explain how each of these provides evidence for evolution: a. -fossil record, including superposition and transitional fossilsb-anatomy, including homologous structuresc-biological molecules, including dna and proteins4. -explain the difference between convergent and divergent evolution.5. -define and give three examples of artificial selection6. -define and give one example of coevolution.7. -explain biodiversity and how it benefits humans.8. -explain a type of population lest affected by environmental change.