A researcher has a laboratory strain of flies that have loss-of-function mutations in both gene X and white. These flies are used as hosts for P element transformation: Embryos of the double mutant strain are injected with two plasmids, one containing a wild-type copy of the white gene (w ) and a wild-type copy of gene X, side-by-side within P element inverted repeats, and the other plasmid containing only the P element transposase gene. Transgenic offspring of the injected flies will

c) 50% there are four chromosomes. after crossing over, 2 of the four have been changed. that means any gamete has a 2 in 4 chance or 50% chance of receiving the mutated chromosome.

kelp are large brown algae that live in cool, relatively shallow waters close to the shore. they grow in dense groupings much like a forest on land. these underwater towers of kelp provide food and shelter for thousands of fish, invertebrates, and marine mammal species.

e) all of the above

friedrich meischer discovered it in white blood cell