The process of Transcription occurs in the ___ and involves the copying of . This copied information will then be in the cytoplasm to create a , which is composed of smaller building blocks called . During translation, individual are attached to one another via . As the protein strand gets larger and leaves the ribosome, it begins to fold into the first phase of its 3-dimensional structure (secondary structure). give rise to the protein's secondary structure. In the tertiary/quaternary structure of a protein, amino acids are typically found towards the center of the structure, while are found towards the outside of the protein, facing the watery environment of the cell.

Word bank:

protein, covalent bond, hydrophobic, translated, amino acids, a portion of genome, hydrogen bonds, cytoplasm, the entire genome, transcribed again, hydrophilic, half the genome, mRNA strand, nucleus, replicated, nucleotides

The process of Transcription occurs in the nucleus and involves the copying of a portion of the genome. This copied information will then be translated in the cytoplasm to create a protein, which is composed of smaller building blocks called amino acids. During translation, individual amino acids are attached to one another via covalent bond. As the protein strand gets larger and leaves the ribosome, it begins to fold into the first phase of its 3-dimensional structure (secondary structure). Hydrogen bonds give rise to the protein's secondary structure. In the tertiary/quaternary structure of a protein, hydrophobic amino acids are typically found towards the center of the structure, while hydrophilic are found towards the outside of the protein, facing the watery environment of the cell.

Explanation:

Transcription is a process that happens in the nucleus in order to create an mRNA strand from a specific gene, which will then be translated into a protein. For transcription to happen, a protein called RNA Polymerase will take the DNA molecule and use one of its strands to synthesize its complementary strand. This newly synthesized RNA strand will suffer some modifications to become a mature mRNA strand.

The mature mRNA strand will leave the nucleus and be taken by a ribosome in the cytoplasm to start Translation - the process in which proteins are synthesized. During translation, each codon (composed by a sequence of 3 nucleotides) in the mRNA will code for one of the 20 possible amino acids. These amino acids are carried to the ribosome by the tRNA, and are linked with one another by peptide bonds, which is a type of covalent bond. The peptide bonds give rise to the primary structure of a protein. The secondary structure happens thanks to the hydrogen bonds. In the third and quaternary structure of a protein, which turns them into a three-dimensional macromolecule, the hydrophobic amino acids will locate in the center of the structure so they don't have to be in contact with water, while the hydrophilic amino acids remain on the peripheric sides of the protein.

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