When two nonmetals form, we call this unit a .

In what layer of the sun is energy transfers between atoms

Ateam from new york presbyterian hospital is conducting a study about a recent increase in cases involving both excess sweating and kidney stones. what would the team need before it draws a conclusion about the cases? medications that are specifically designed to treat the sickness machines that are built to process blood and reduce symptoms until patients are healthy again data that profile the various patients who report these symptoms proof that the excess sweating is related to the excessive kidney stones

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).