Genetics Problems (ABO Blood System) The chart below lists the blood phenotypes of 8 individuals. Use the information in the chart to solve the genetics problems that follow. Females Blood Type Males Blood Type Anne Type O Charlie Type A Wendy Type B Scott Type AB Susan Type AB Larry Type O Patricia Type A Keith Type B 1. Larry has a son with type B blood. Which of the females listed above could be this child's biological mother? 2. Anne is pregnant with Scott's child. What is the chance that the baby will have type A blood? 3. Because her daughter has type B blood, Patricia insists that Keith is the father. Keith claims that Scott is the father of Patricia's baby girl. Is it possible that Scott is the baby's father? 4. Keith and Wendy have a 4-year old with type O blood. How is this possible? 5. Susan is the mother of Charlie's first two children. The oldest, Dawn, has type AB blood while her sister, Kate, has type B blood. Charlie is now expecting a baby with Anne. What is the chance that this child will have type O blood? 6. Erin, Patricia and Larry's daughter, is married to Jeff. Jeff was in a serious car accident and needs a transfusion but Erin is told that Jeff cannot be given her blood. Based on this information, provide Erin's blood genotype and blood phenotype. 7. Scott and Susan's son, Paul, is willing to donate blood to a young girl with leukemia. If the recipient has type O blood, will Paul be able to donate to her?

Explanation:

Female blood type   Male blood type

Anne Type O            Charlie Type A

Wendy Type B          Scott Type AB

Susan Type AB         Larry Type O

Patricia Type A         Keith Type B

1. Larry has a son with type B blood. Which of the females listed above could be this child's biological mother?

For Larry that is of type O to produce a son with type B blood, his mother has to be either of type B or AB. Which is either Wendy or Susan

2. Anne is pregnant with Scott's child. What is the chance that the baby will have type A blood?  

Since Scott possess the AB codominant type and Anne's type has to be inherited in the recessive form, the chances of producing type A is 50% and B is 50%. Thus, the chance that the baby will be of type A blood is 50%.

3. Because her daughter has type B blood, Patricia insists that Keith is the father. Keith claims that Scott is the father of Patricia's baby girl. Is it possible that Scott is the baby's father?  

Since Scott that is of type AB is the father of a type B child, the mother Patricia that is of A type has to have a genotype that is AO for it to be  possible that Scott is the father.

4. Keith and Wendy have a 4-year old with type O blood. How is this possible?

Keith is of type B blood and Wendy is also of type B blood. It is possible to have a 4-year old with type O blood if if both parents are of the BO genotype.

5. Susan is the mother of Charlie's first two children. The oldest, Dawn, has type AB blood while her sister, Kate, has type B blood. Charlie is now expecting a baby with Anne. What is the chance that this child will have type O blood?

Charlie and Susan can only produce Kate of type B blood if they are AO and AB respectively. Thus, since Charlie's genotype is AO, there is a 50% chance that he can produce a child of type O blood with Anne who is of type O blood.

6. Erin, Patricia and Larry's daughter, is married to Jeff. Jeff was in a serious car accident and needs a transfusion but Erin is told that Jeff cannot be given her blood. Based on this information, provide Erin's blood genotype and blood phenotype.

   For Erin to be unable to give her blood to Jeff, it means Jeff is of O blood type and Erin is not, meaning she can either be A+, B+ or AB. But since her mother is of type A and father is of O, this rules out AB and also B.  Her genotype can't be AA since her dad is of type O blood. Thus, it can be claimed that she is of genotype AO of type A blood type.

7. Scott and Susan's son, Paul, is willing to donate blood to a young girl with leukemia. If the recipient has type O blood, will Paul be able to donate to her?

Since the recipient has type O blood, she can only receive from a type O patient. Paul cannot be a donor because both parents are of AB blood type meaning Scott is either of type A, B or AB. Thus, he will not be able to donate as he is not of O type.

americans began to notice growing differences between the northern and southern sections of the country. there were more people living in cities in the north, which made it more urban. more people lived on farms in the south, which made it more rural. while many people were farmers in the northern states, there were now other ways to make a living, such as working in mechanical cotton gins factories manufacturing cloth, tools and other goods. people in the north supported high tariffs on goods imported from europe because the extra cost encouraged people to “buy american” instead. in the southern states, planters did not like tariffs because they sold most of their production to europe and bought their tools from there as well. southerners believed the protective tariff was something that only northern factory owners keep their profits high. so the southern politicians came up with an idea. they would opt out. they would simply ignore the protective tariff. it was ‘null and void’ in south carolina. the state would not collect the taxes on goods imported into south carolina, no matter what the president said they had to do. this decision led to the nullification crisis.

step 1 ammonium can be absorbed by plants, but some is converted into nitrates which are better for plants to absorb. this is called nitrification. 2. step 2 the deer eats the plants and uses the nitrogen-containing proteins for cell growth. 3. step 3 bacteria in the soil conduct nitrogen fixation to convert nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into ammonium. 4. step 4 some of the nitrates are absorbed back into plants, but denitrification breaks down the nitrates into nitrogen gas released back into the atmosphere. 5. step 5 nitrogen is found in the urine, which gets broken down into ammonium through the process of ammonification. 6. step 6 plants absorb the ammonium and begin assimilation, the process to add the nitrogen to protein.