You know that the narrow-sense heritability of milk production in Ayrshire cattle is 0.587. You perform an experiment where you take a parental population of cattle with a mean milk production of 5.1L/hr and selectively breed only the top 10% of cows in this population, who have a mean milk production of 8.9L/hr, what is the response to selection (R) in your experiment

Explanation:

Narrow sense heritability - h2

selection differential - S

Selection differential is calculated from the difference between the population average and the parental population.

Breeder's equation:

Response to selection - R = h2S

Mean milk production of 10% cows for experiment = 8.9L/hr

Mean milk production of parental population = 5.1L/hr

Selection differential S= 8.9 - 5.1 = 3.8 L/hr

Response to selection = 0.587 × 3.8 = 2.23

4.) metal

"-the movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back to the environment

-carbon is the essential component of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates (which make up all organisms)

-carbon exists in air, water, and living organisms

-producers convert carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into carbohydrates during photosynthesis

-bacteria in the atmosphere cycles through the system in filtration units

-in cellular respiration, carbon is released back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide

-some carbon is stored in limestone (forming one of the largest "carbon sinks" on earth)

-largest carbon reservoir on earth= limestone

-carbon stored in the bodies of organisms as fat, oils, or other molecules may be released into the soil or air when the organism dies

-this may form deposits of coal, oil, or natural gas (fossil fuels, which increased the atmospheric carbon dioxide)

-fossil fuels store carbon left over from bodies of organisms that died millions of years ago

-they are located in the surface of earth, deep within the earth and beneath the ocean floor."    

the most common type of reef is the fringing reef. this type of reef grows seaward directly from the shore. they form borders along the shoreline and surrounding islands.