After a volcanic eruption, lava flows on the surface of the Earth. After the lava has time to cool, scientists notice that plants are starting to grow on the lava surface. What kind of ecological process could you infer is happening and why?

The correct answer is ecological succession.

Explanation:

For the growth and development of an ecosystem, the phenomenon of ecological succession plays an essential role. A slow procedure by which the ecosystems modify and develop with time is termed as the ecological succession. There are prime two kinds of succession, that is, primary succession and secondary succession.  

The phenomenon of ecological succession helps in the colonization of the novel areas, and in the recolonization of the destructed ecosystems, this helps the species to get amend with the modifications taking place in the surroundings and helps them to thrive. The given case is an illustration of ecological succession as the flowing of lava creates barren land, which further helps in the establishment of the pioneer plants. These pioneer species of plants helps in the development of a new ecosystem.  

i think that the best answer would be c.

tell me if im wrong : )