What is a cell structure that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them and distributes them to other parts of the cell?

cell-the basic unit of structure and function of all living things

microscope-an instrument that makes small objects larger

cell theory-a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and all living things

organelle-a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

cell wall-a rigid layer of nonliving material that surounds the cells of plants and some other organisms

cell membrane-a cell structure that controls which materials go into or out of the cell

nucleus-a cell structure that contains nucleic acids, the chemical instruction's that direct all the cell's activities

cytoplasm-the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus; in organisms without a nucleus, the region located inside the cell membrane

mitochondriarod-shaped cell structures that convert energy in food molecules to energy that the cell can use to carry out its functions

endoplasmic reticulum-a cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which the proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another

ribosome-a small grain-like structure in the cytoplasm of the cell where proteins are made

Golgi body-a structure in the cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from teh endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of teh cell

chloroplast-a structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food

vacuolea sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area

lysosome-a small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones

element-any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

compound-two or more elements that are chemically combined

carbohydrate-energy-rich organic compound, such as a sugar or a starch, that is made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

protein-large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur

amino acid-a small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids to form proteins

enzyme-a type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living things

lipid-energy-rich organic compound, such as a fat, oil, or wax, that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

nucleic acid-very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life

DNA-the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring

RNA-a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins

selectively permeable-a property of a cell membrane that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot

diffusion-the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

osmosis-the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane

passive transport-the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy

active transport-the movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy

step 1 ammonium can be absorbed by plants, but some is converted into nitrates which are better for plants to absorb. this is called nitrification. 2. step 2 the deer eats the plants and uses the nitrogen-containing proteins for cell growth. 3. step 3 bacteria in the soil conduct nitrogen fixation to convert nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into ammonium. 4. step 4 some of the nitrates are absorbed back into plants, but denitrification breaks down the nitrates into nitrogen gas released back into the atmosphere. 5. step 5 nitrogen is found in the urine, which gets broken down into ammonium through the process of ammonification. 6. step 6 plants absorb the ammonium and begin assimilation, the process to add the nitrogen to protein.

cellular respiration oxidizes food into energy in the form of atps.

glycolysis (6 c hexose) > 2x atps are used > 6c hexose biphosphate > 2 x 3c triphosphate >

2 x 3c pyruvate (2x nadh produced from nad) and (4x atp produced)

pyruvate actively pumped mitochondrial matrix.