Select two specific components of the cell membrane and explain how each affects the permeability of the cell membrane. Meaning, what specific materials are regulated by the given component and how

Phospholipid bilayer and carbohydrates.

Explanation:

Phospholipids form a double layer that protects the cell from the outside, in this layer the heads of the phospholipids, which are hydrophilic, are orientated towards the inside and the outside of the cell, and the tails of the two layers, which are hydrophobic, are in contact with each other. This bilayer allows the passage of certain substances due to its polarity, the elements that are too big, are ions, or that are hydrophilic have especial channels made of proteins that allow the passage of these kinds of elements

The other component that can affect the permeability is carbohydrates. These, when they attach to lipids and proteins, form a layer around the cell that allows the passage of certain substances, allows the recognition of the cells that are from the body, and the ones that are foreign so that there can be communication between cells.