What occurs when two species have the
need for the same resource?

Competition. Additionally, with competition comes survival of the fittest.

Explanation:

Competition is formed when more than one species must fight for the same resource/commodity.

there are so many examples for that in different areas, like biology experiment carried out in our lab recently.

here's one link:

you didn't give any options but heres what i can tell you: an inference is likely to change based on additional observations. the latter is something that you have seen or sensed using your sensory organs while the former is like a conclusion out from what you have observed.