Q4.10. Marathon runners can lose a great deal of Na* (through sweat). Some runners compensate by drinking large quantities of water (far more than they lost). In extreme cases,
this causes mental confusion and loss of muscle coordination. What is happening to the
neurons of such a runner?

Explanation:

Basically  Na+ is an extracellular ions, while K+ is intracellular. Therefore the influx of Na+ produce depolarization and excitability of a neuron, while  K- ions outflow  from the axoplasm ensures re-polarization to return neuron to its resting state.

Therefore an Athletes , loosing a lot of Na+, and drinking water  experiences  hyponatremia. Therefore the neuron  in this case experiences low Na+ concentration , with reduction in solute potential of the axoplasm, , with consequent  high water potential.

Therefore the neuron swells up with water, and difficult to depolarize to propagate action potential.This leads to loss of sensory  control in the athletes, leading to confusion.

explanation:

on disadvantage of hydroelectric power is the cost. another disadvantage of using hydroelectric power is finding a water source powerful enough to harvest hydroelectric power.

answer: decrease

a limiting factor is the one which decrease the abundance, distribution and causes extinction of the population of species in a ecosystem. here, predators including hawks, owls and snakes are the limiting factor for the population of mexican free tailed bat.   although bats are nocturnal animals as they forge for food at night these predators also may remain active during night which can decrease the population of the mexican free-tailed bats. also, these bats eat only one type of insects that are moths. the food can also be a limiting factor as all 400 members are dependent upon same type of food needs that are moths. the decrease in the moth population can cause decrease in population size of the mexican free-tailed bats.

therefore, the scenarios will most likely to decrease the population size of the mexican free-tailed bats.