The idea that organic forms changed through "effort," that the effort the organism makes in using those parts of its body that are most adaptive under given environmental circumstances and little by little as time goes on, that these changes result in new organs that are passed on through heredity, was developed by:

It's evolution, that would be Charles Darwin. The idea that certain traits go away though natural selection(animals with those traits die) and only certain traits are passed on.

Explanation:

Look at the finches experiment.

micro/nanoscale topography surface exhibits many prominent properties and is extensively employed in biomedical device, microfluidic device and energy device fabrication. additionally, the clinical applications of biomaterials can be largely expanded with of nanostructured surfaces.

thinking it would be d not too sure but i think it's right