Researchers cross a corn plant that is pure-breeding for the dominant traits colored aleurone (C1), full kernel (Sh), and waxy endosperm (Wx) to a pure-breeding plant wiht the reccessive trains colorless aleurone (c1), shrunken kernal (sh), and starchy (wx). The resulting F1 plants were crossed to pure-breeding colorless, shrunken, starchy plants. Counting the kernals from about 30 eats of corn yields the following data: Kernel Phenotype Colored, shrunken, starchy Colored, full, starchy Colored, full, waxy Colored, shrunken, waxy Colorless, shrunken, starchy Colorless, full, starchy Colorless, full, waxy Colorless, shrunken, waxy Number 116 601 2538 4 2708 2 113 626 6708
a) Why are these data consistent with genetic linkage among the three genes?
b) Perform a chi-square test to determine if these data show significant deviation from the expected phenotype distribution.
c) What is the order of these genes in corn?
d) calculate the recombination fraction between the gene pairs.
e) what is the interference value for this data set?

Read the following scenario to answer the following question. over the past 60 years, many amphibian species have experienced significant population declines, and some species have become extinct. scientists suspected that local human activities such as the destruction of wetlands, regional pollution, and deforestation were the main reasons for these losses. however, research over the past 20 years reveals significant amphibian population declines in protected areas of the world, such as nature preserves and parks. these global declines suggest widespread problems including increased ultraviolet radiation, acid rain, and disease. in switzerland, for example, 14 of the 20 native amphibian species are threatened with extinction. when most populations of a wide-ranging amphibian species are lost and the few remaining populations are widely separated, we expect to see that a. the founder effect becomes increasingly important b. microevolution no longer occurs c. gene flow between populations is reduced d. artificial selection becomes a greater factor in microevolution

Looking at this image, what relationship can be drawn from it? the lower the degree of latitude, the lower the degree of temperature there is no relationship between latitude and temperature the higher the degree of latitude, the higher the degree of temperature the lower the degree of latitude, the higher the degree of temperature

Which of the following typically characterizes a tropical rainforests