Step 3: Make a claim. a) Recall what you know about crossing over, independent assortment, and random joining of sex cells during sexual reproduction. b) Now, go back to the claims in Step 2a. Do you support these claims? If so, do you support the totality of the claims or just parts of the claims? c) Based on your prior knowledge, make a claim about the factors that cause inherited genetic variations within populations. Also make a claim about the effects of mutations. Write your claim in your notebook.

Crossing over is a process in which exchange of segments occur between two non sister chromatids.

Explanation:

Crossing over is a process in which two non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange the segments of genetic material with each other during meiosis. Due to this process, variation occurs in an organism.

Independent assortment is a process in which different alleles are sorted to different gametes which occurs independently and does not effect one another. This process occurs in metaphase of meiosis l.

Joining of sex cells is a process in which sex cells of male and female join together formed a zygote which turn into a new organism. These sex cells are formed during meiosis which are haploid in nature.

Mutation and crossing over are the factors that cause inherited genetic variations within populations.

Sudden change occurs in the genes of an organism due to the exposure of the cell to radiation or chemicals.

4.) metal

"-the movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back to the environment

-carbon is the essential component of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates (which make up all organisms)

-carbon exists in air, water, and living organisms

-producers convert carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into carbohydrates during photosynthesis

-bacteria in the atmosphere cycles through the system in filtration units

-in cellular respiration, carbon is released back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide

-some carbon is stored in limestone (forming one of the largest "carbon sinks" on earth)

-largest carbon reservoir on earth= limestone

-carbon stored in the bodies of organisms as fat, oils, or other molecules may be released into the soil or air when the organism dies

-this may form deposits of coal, oil, or natural gas (fossil fuels, which increased the atmospheric carbon dioxide)

-fossil fuels store carbon left over from bodies of organisms that died millions of years ago

-they are located in the surface of earth, deep within the earth and beneath the ocean floor."    

satellites are frequently used to make observations of the orbit on earth