A strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae is no longer able to synthesize its capsular polysaccharide. What is a likely outcome? a. It will no longer be motile
b. It will not be able to appropriately transport ions across its plasma membrane
c. It will produce more potent toxins which damage the host
d. It will no longer be able to carry out fermentation
e. It will be readily phagocytized upon entering the host

e. It will be readily phagocytized upon entering the host

Explanation:

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive bacteria of the genus Streptococcus, being this pathogen known to produce respiratory tract infections and one of the most important causes of meningitis and pneumonia. The capsular polysaccharide of S. pneumoniae is required for its virulence. Based on capsule virulence factors, S. pneumoniae can be classified into 90 distinct serotypes, but only a few serotypes are able to produce serious diseases. The virulence factors localized in the capsule include invasins and adhesins, which act as antiphagocytic and immunogenic factors, respectively.

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1) gene flow

- it is described as the transfer of genes from one population to another population so that frequency of gene is increased.

-a zebra migrates to join a different herd of zebras.

2) natural selection

- a mechanism of evolutionary change in which individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce whereas the others ( those that can not adapt) eliminate from the population.

-competition for sunlight leads to taller trees.

3) mutation

- permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of dna ( genetic material) that could have harmful or useful consequences.

-the dna of a snake changes to make its venom stronger.

4) genetic drift - it is a random phenomenon ( that occurs by chance such as fire) that results in change in the gene frequency in a small population.    

-a grassfire randomly sweeps through a population of buffalo and kills most of the animals.

explanation: