How can you tell something is alive?

What is the difference between how ionic and covalent bonds form

16. which of the following accurately describes a step within transcription? a. dna polymerase uses one strand of rna as a template to put together nucleotides. b. the dna strand is used as a template for which a complementary rna strand can be produced. c. the rna strand forms a template by which dna can be built. d. the rna strand is produced within the cytoplasm.

As the earth formed, the force of gravity increased due to increased mass. what effect did this increased gravity have on the forming planet?