How do you think tomato plants detect pests on a neighboring plant so they can protect themselves? I NEED ANSWER FAST PLEASE

"Some, like tomato plants, release chemicals like methyl jasmonate that not only taste bad to pests, but alert their leafy neighbors to trouble. As other plants detect the chemicals, they crowdsource a solution: producing mass amounts of deterrent chemical compounds, just in case the pests come calling." - LAURIE L. DOVE

the circled areas are referred to   as sunspots.   the sunspots are cooler than the   surrounding area.

sunspots are temporary phenomena on the photosphere of the sun that appear visibly as dark spots compared to surrounding regions. they correspond to concentrations of magnetic field flux that inhibit convection and result in reduced surface temperature compared to the surrounding photosphere.