In humans there is a dominant allele (A) for the absence of moles; while the recessive allele (a) results in the presence of moles. A couple who are both heterozygous for this locus (Aa) plan to have seven children. a. Expand the binomial (p + q)7.
b. What is the probability that:
(i) The first child that is born will not have moles.
(ii) All of the children will have moles.
(iii) The first two children will have no moles and the last five will have moles.
(iv) Of the 7 children, 4 will have no moles and 3 will have moles
c. Assume this couple now have two children, one with moles and one without moles. What is the probability that the child born without moles is a carrier of the a-allele (ie heterozygous)?

a. =

b. i. 0.75

   ii. 0.000061

   iii. 0.012

   iv. 0.17

c. 0.67

Explanation:

a. The expansion of the binomial (p + q)7 would be such that:

=

b. Both couples are heterozygous:

             Aa    x    Aa

         AA   Aa   Aa   aa

Since A is dominant over a,

probability of having mole (aa) = 1/4

probability of not having moles = 3/4

Therefore, the probability of the first child not having moles = 3/4 or 0.75

ii. Let the probability of not having mole = p and the probability of having mole = q. From the binomial expansion:

=

Probability that all of the children will have moles =

since p = 3/4 and q = 1/4

= = 0.000061

iii. Probability that the first two children will have no moles and the last five will have moles =

                       =

                         = 0.012

iv. Probability that 4 will have no moles and 3 will have moles out of the 7 children =

               =

                      = 0.17

c. Probability that the child born without moles is a carrier of the a-allele  = probability of heterozygous.

From the cross in (b), the genotypes of those born without moles are AA and 2Aa. Therefore, the probability of not having moles and be Aa is:

      = 2/3 or 0.67

answer: decrease

a limiting factor is the one which decrease the abundance, distribution and causes extinction of the population of species in a ecosystem. here, predators including hawks, owls and snakes are the limiting factor for the population of mexican free tailed bat.   although bats are nocturnal animals as they forge for food at night these predators also may remain active during night which can decrease the population of the mexican free-tailed bats. also, these bats eat only one type of insects that are moths. the food can also be a limiting factor as all 400 members are dependent upon same type of food needs that are moths. the decrease in the moth population can cause decrease in population size of the mexican free-tailed bats.

therefore, the scenarios will most likely to decrease the population size of the mexican free-tailed bats.