What are Bonds involve?

This is kind of a vague question, but I hope this can help you. If you have any other questions, let me know in the comments :)

There are four main types of chemical bonds: Covalent bonds, ionic bonds, polar bonds, and hydrogen bonds.

Covalent Bonds:

A covalent bond is the sharing of electrons between two atoms. This occurs when an atom has an incomplete valence shell (the outermost shell of the atom), so two atoms form a bond to complete the valence shell. Atoms can also form more than one covalent bond each. Take a water molecule for example: two water molecules that have formed bonds with an oxygen atom.

Ionic Bonds:

An ion is formed when atoms lose or gain electrons. An atom that has lost an electron will be positively charged, and is called a cation. The atom that has gained electrons is now negatively charged, and is called an anion. An ionic bond is formed when a cation and an anion are attracted to one another and form a bond.

Polar Bond:

A polar bond is formed from a covalent bond.  It occurs when two atoms that are connected by a covalent bond exert different attractions for the electrons in the bond, producing an unevenly distributed charge, thus making it polar.

Hydrogen Bonds:

A hydrogen bond is when two polarized water molecules form a covalent bond. Since these bonds are not very strong, they constantly break and reform with other water molecules. This is what gives water its fluidity, and creates surface tension. When water is frozen, these bonds slow down and form a lattice structure, making them much stronger.