The type of reproduction where plants grow horizontal stems or plantlets that grow into clones of the original plant. What type of reproduction is described here?

Vegetative reproduction

Explanation:

The type of reproduction described in the illustration is vegetative reproduction.

Vegetative reproduction is a type of asexual reproduction during which a new organism grows from the fragments of the parent organism. There are different methods of vegetative propagation in plants including stolons, bulbs, tubers, corms,  etc.

The horizontal stems that give off plantlets that eventually grow to become a clone of the mother plant are the ones known as stolons.  

the framers of the constitution insisted that federal judges be nominated instead of elected due to their desire to have judges above the shifting whims of the masses.

the hope, whether achieved or not, was that federal judges would only be beholden to the law and that by not having judges be elected, they would be protected if that law dictated an outcome that ran counter to popular opinion.