Why does adenine always pair with thymine and guanine always pair with cytosine? What two factors determine the base pairing rule? 1.) space between nitrogenous bases and the opportunity for metallic bonding
2.) space between nitrogenous bases and opportunity for covalent bonds
3.) space between nitrogenous bases and opportunities for hydrogen bonding
4.) space between nitrogenous bases and the opportunity for ionic bonding

answer: ice crystals in air

the water from the water body or another source of water gets evaporated as water vapor as an effect of heat on water. these water vapor rises in the upper layers of the earth atmosphere under high atmospheric pressure. the atmospheric pressure of these water molecules starts to decrease due to the effect of cold air. the invisible water vapor condenses into visible water droplets and ice crystals.these ice crystals and water droplets being less denser than the surrounding air floats on air as clouds.

1. is geographic distribution

2 is increasing complexity

3 is transitional forms

the answer is: the „power stroke“ step.

muscle contraction can be divided into a few steps:

1. the release of ach (acetylcholine) in the synaptic cleft, binding of ach for its receptor and consequently opening of the ca channels.

2. the release of ca, binding of ca for the troponin

3. troponin shifting the tropomyosin, which was blocking the active site on the actin

4. myosin heads attaching to actin by breaking down atp to adp+ pi

5.   formation of the ‘cross-bridge’ on the active site of the actin filament by myosin head

6. “power stroke” -the cross bridge pulls actin, which slides over the myosin

9.     7. the release of adp completes the cross-bridge movement and atp attaches to myosin, breaking the actin-myosin cross bridge.