Identify the variables in this hypothesis. If a person’s use of cigarettes increases, then the person’s lung function will decrease because the chemicals in cigarettes damage lung tissue and make it difficult to breathe. The independent variable is . The dependent variable is .

Which mantle is under the crust the upper mantle or the lower mantle i think it's upper let me know if i'm right

Dr. kaylan is an ecologist who studies bird behavior. she sets up an experiment to test which type of food crows are most likely to eat when given a choice between walnuts, corn, and sunflower seeds. to perform her experiment, dr. kaylan places three food bins in an area frequented by cows. each bin contains one of the three food types. then, she measures how much of each food type is eaten every day for a month and summarizes the results of her experiment in the pie chart below. based on her results, dr. kaylan concludes that crows choose to eat corn more frequently than other food sources because it has a higher nutritional value. what is a reasonable alternate conclusion that can be drawn from dr. kaylan's data

How can antibodies "remember" a particular bacterial invader or "antigen" on that invader?