What do we call the parameters of the area of a population when we are organizing the biosphere

Groups of organisms with low biotic potential, such as gray whales, that produce at most one offspring every other year a) are r-selected b) are k-selected c) are not subject to density-dependent limiting factors d) show the initial stages of the extinction process e) have escaped from the processes of natural selection and adaptation

According to the big bang theory, after the "bang," the universe remained dark until about  300,000 yearsone billion yearsthree minutesthree billion years  later, when neutral atoms began to form.

Which statement applies only to the axial skeleton, not the appendicular skeleton?