On the early earth, volcanic activity had a major effect on the composition of the oceans core atmosphere moon

The answer is atmosphere! core has very little to do with it.

Option (3)

Explanation:

The earth's atmosphere initially was made up of gases that were ejected from the volcanic eruptions. This can be said, as according to the research, the early earth experienced numerous and intense volcanic activities during the first few billions of years after its formation.

The atmosphere was then comprised of a significant amount of Carbon dioxide (CO₂), and there was little or absence of any Oxygen (O₂). In addition to this, there was some amount of water vapor (H₂O), methane (CH₄) and ammonia (NH₃) also.

After a specific period of time, the earth eventually cooled down, as a result of which much of the water vapor that was found to be present in the earth started to condense and gave rise to the formation of oceans.

Thus, In the initial stages of earth's formation, volcanic activity had a prime effect on the composition of the earth's composition.

Hence, the correct answer is option (3).

c.) polymerase chain reaction

- "unlike the original dna fingerprinting method, dna profiling does not use restriction enzymes to cut the dna. instead it uses the polymerase chain reaction (pcr)? to produce many copies of specific str sequences. pcr is an automated procedure that generates lots of copies of a specific sequence of dna."