Ecologists use models to illustrate the cycling of matter and flow of energy within an ecosystem. Which of the claims below does this model support? Select all the claims that are supported. A. The number of trophic levels is unlimited. B. The number of trophic levels is limited, and typically is less than 10. C. On average, about 10 percent of available energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. D. Among consumers in an ecosystem, first-level consumers have the most available energy. E. The maximum amount of energy in a trophic level is 10,000 Joules.

Explain the side effects of cancer treatments

Is there any species that went extinct in recent years due to natural causes (not caused by human interaction). if so, what caused it?

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).