There are many applications for the process of osmosis in addition to those examples in living organisms. One interesting application is the use of commercially available so-called “hydration bags” that can be used to produce safe drinking water by campers, hikers, or persons working in an environment where pure water is not available. These bags use “forward osmosis,” a process that uses a selectively permeable membrane to separate the potentially polluted water into a hypertonic solution containing ingestible solutes inside the bag. The ingestible solutes are usually glucose or some other sugar. How do you think this works? Draw diagram to show

Keeping in mind the life cycle of bacteriophages, consider the following problem: during the reproductive cycle of a temperate bacteriophage, the viral dna inserts into the bacterial chromosome where the resultant prophage behaves much like a trojan horse. it can remain quiescent, or it can become lytic and initiate a burst of progeny viruses. several operons maintain the prophage state by interacting with a repressor that keeps the lytic cycle in check. insults (ultraviolet light, for example) to the bacterial cell lead to a partial breakdown of the repressor, which in turn causes the production of enzymes involved in the lytic cycle. as stated in this simple form, would you consider this system of regulation to be operating under positive or negative control?