What is the name of a double layer of phospholipids (called lipid bilayer)?

the correct answer is option d.

an appositive is a noun, noun phrase or noun clause which follows another noun or noun phrase in order to describe it or name it another way. they are usually used between commas, brackets or dashes.

the example sentence with the correct use of commas is the following:

her uncle, the man over there in the red shirt, owns the hardware store in town.

answer;

a. sheep consumption efficiency would be reduced.

explanation;

-trophic efficiency is a measure of how much energy occurs at one level divided by the energy at the level immediately below it . trophic efficiency incorporates three types of efficiency:

-the proportion of available energy that is consumed (consumption efficiency).   it is the proportion of the available biomass that is ingested by consumers.

-the proportion of ingested food that is assimilated (assimilation efficiency).

-the proportion of assimilated food that goes into new consumer biomass (production efficiency).

-in this case, the grasshoppers would affect sheep by reducing the proportion of the available biomass that is ingested by the sheep.