What is the usual response in the population size of many species to a density-independent limiting factor?

Some technological solutions to problems like global warming meet the specific needs and situations of local communities. an example from india involves converting the solid waste from cattle into clean-burning fuel for cooking. this reduces the amount of greenhouse gases, specifically methane and carbon dioxide, released into the environment from wood fires. when evaluating the feasibility of implementing this solution, computer models are used to weigh costs against benefits. what factor is least likely to impact the decision on adopting this technology?

Idon’t know the answer and i’ve been stuck on it for a while now skskskskks

Why do we perceive objects as retaining their brightness under different lighting levels?