DNA Mutations Project: Modeling DNA Mutations
Table 1. First mutated DNA strand
Row Description Answers
A Base sequence of original
strand
A–T–C–G–T–A–G–A–C–G–C–T–T–A–T–G–A–C
B Protein produced from
original strand
Protein A
C Base sequence of mutated
strand
D Protein produced from
mutated strand
E Effect of mutation
Table 2. Second mutated DNA strand
Row Description Answers
A Base sequence of original
strand
A–T–C–G–T–A–G–A–C–G–C–T–T–A–T–G–A–C
B Protein produced from
original strand
Protein A
C Base sequence of mutated
strand
D Protein produced from
mutated strand
E Effect of mutation
Student Guide (continued)
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Table 3. Third mutated DNA strand
Row Description Answers
A Base sequence of original
strand
A–T–C–G–T–A–G–A–C–G–C–T–T–A–T–G–A–C
B Protein produced from
original strand
Protein A
C Base sequence of mutated
strand
D Protein produced from
mutated strand
E Effect of mutation
Answer these three questions to summarize what you have done in this project.
1. How did you model mutations in this project?
2. How are the three mutated strands similar to each other? (Hint: Think about the type of
mutations modeled.)
3. How are the three mutated strands different from each other?

To answer this question, researchers studied populations of the dusky salamander (desmognathus ochrophaeus) living on different mountain ranges in the southern appalachian mountains. the researchers tested the reproductive isolation of pairs of salamander populations by leaving one male and one female together and later checking the females for the presence of sperm. four mating combinations were tested for each pair of populations (a and b)—two within the same population (female a with male a and female b with male b) and two between populations (female a with male b and female b with male a). the proportion of successful matings for each mating combination was measured. for example, when all the matings of a particular combination were successful, the researchers gave it a value of 1; when none of the matings were successful, they gave it a value of 0. then the researchers calculated an index of reproductive isolation that ranged from 0 (no isolation) to 2 (full isolation). the reproductive isolation value for two populations is the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type within populations (aa + bb) minus the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type between populations (ab + ba). the table provides data for the geographic distances and reproductive isolation values for 27 pairs of dusky salamander populations.

Which state of matter has the following physical properties: ~ takes the shape of the container it is in ~ takes the volume of the container it is in ~ low density. answer is gas

1. an enzyme is considered a(n) because it speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up.2. in a catalyzed reaction, a reactant is often called a(n) . an enzyme is specific because the shape of its matches only particular reactants.4. an enzyme speeds up reactions by lowering the . the between an active site and its substrate often strains bonds and the reaction proceed.6. a( , which is often a vitamin, binds to an enzyme and plays a role in catalysis.7. high temperatures or changes in ph can an enzyme, causing it to lose its shape and biological activity.