Genes that remain the same over time and between species are said to be

Hemoglobin is the compound in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the body. the distribution of hemoglobin in women in g/dl of blood is approximately normally distributed with mean 14 and standard deviation 1. too little hemoglobin, and you're anemic. 2. too much, and (unless you live at high altitudes), you can have other problems.

How is ribosomal rna useful as a molecular clock? a. a large portion of the dna ring is not vital to structure or function, allowing it to accumulate neutral mutations. b. its rate of mutation increases over time as organisms continue to evolve and differentiate from each other. c. a slow mutation rate makes it useful for determining evolutionary relationships between ancient species. d. it is only found in select organisms, making it easier to compare relationships between species that have it.

Parthenogenesis is a type of reproduction that does not require a mate. it’s rarely seen in birds and higher vertebrates. parthenogenesis involves the formation of a zygote. but this zygote is formed without fertilization. in parthenogenesis, in the absence of a male gamete, the ovum develops directly in the zygote.