What are grana?

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Explanation:

What are Grana?

We all need photosynthesis. All of us living on Earth's surface, that is. Turning light into food energy is the foundation of almost all food chains on Earth and is the livelihood of plants and algae. These organisms house chloroplasts within their cells, organelles responsible for manufacturing energy through the process of photosynthesis. It is within chloroplasts that we find many grana.

Grana (plural of 'granum') are stacks of structures called thylakoids, which are little disks of membrane on which the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place. Stacked into grana, the shape of the thylakoids allow for optimum surface area, maximizing the amount of photosynthesis that can happen.

Within the chloroplast the grana resemble stacks of green pancakes, and are not uniform in their height or distribution. The grana are connected to each other by way of lamellae, or membrane that bridge the grana but also participate in the photosystem 1 stage of photosynthesis. All parts within the chloroplast are surrounded by a liquid suspension called stroma.

answer: substrate concentration. enzymes work best when there is a high enough substrate concentration for the reaction they catalyse.