The article talks about two main ways to define life. One definition focuses on self- organization and self-maintenance. The other definition focuses on self- replication and evolution. Which definition of life are viruses definitively excluded from? Why are they excluded from this definition? How does the author defend the exclusion of viruses from the other definition as well?

How is ribosomal rna useful as a molecular clock? a. a large portion of the dna ring is not vital to structure or function, allowing it to accumulate neutral mutations. b. its rate of mutation increases over time as organisms continue to evolve and differentiate from each other. c. a slow mutation rate makes it useful for determining evolutionary relationships between ancient species. d. it is only found in select organisms, making it easier to compare relationships between species that have it.

What is true of all organisms in the kingdoms protista, plantae, fungi, and animalia? a. they are multi-celled. b. they are photosynthetic. c. they have cells that contain membrane-bound organelles. d. they contain cells that lack membrane-bound organelles.

How do living things obtain phosphorus