All of the following are part of the biosphere except

a. trees

b. mountains

c. animals

d, grass

c.animals

Explanation:

A biosphere in geology can be define as the part of the earth atmosphere and other regions typically including landforms such as mountains, deserts, forests and oceans which gives a habitat for the survival of survival of living beings.

Animals is the correct option because they cannot become a substrate for the survival of the living beings directly.

in 1859, charles darwin set out his theory of evolution by natural selection as an explanation for adaptation and speciation. he defined natural selection as the "principle by which each slight variation [of a trait], if useful, is preserved".