The amino acid substitution of Val for Glu in Hemoglobin S results in aggregation of the protein because of interactions between molecules. covalent disulfide hydrogen bonding hydrophobic ionic

hydrophobic interactions

Explanation:

Hemoglobin S (Hb S) is an abnormal type of hemoglobin where red blood cells become sickle-shaped and these elongated cells have difficulty to pass through small blood vessels. This type of hemoglobin is caused by a substitution (Glu>Val, GAG>GTG) in a β-globin gene variant. When the normal sequence is altered, a different amino acid is synthesized and it modifies the interactions between side chains by hydrophobic interactions, thereby affecting protein folding.

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