A taxonomic category between kingdom and class is —

Phylum

Explanation: Phylum is a taxonomic ranking that comes third in the hierarchy of classification, after domain and kingdom. Organisms in a phylum share a set a characteristics that distinguishes them from organisms in another phylum.   The phylum group is then divided into even smaller groups, known as classes. For example, phylum Chordata , which is split up into classes, Mammalia, Fishes, Aves, Amphibia and Reptilia.

clumped distribution, because you'de have all of the population gathered in a relatively small are.

it's the most common because it provides protection and a mate for reproduction

example: humans, seeweed, cattles, etc.

the answer would be d : p