I NEEEWWD HELP PLS

im pretty sure it's the second option (external fertilization) and the last option (external development) because it said that they put sperm and eggs into the environment which therefore creates fertilized embryos that are free swimming and become part of the zooplankton. they are never being carried by the starfish so therefore it's all external. so external fertilization and external development.

Explanation:

for  example, forests have higher evapotranspiration than other ecosystems,  such  as grasslands, because of their deeper roots and greater leaf area. thus forests have a net moistening effect on the atmosphere and become a moisture source for downwind ecosystems.

high growth (apex)